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Trade Facilitation Unit - Caprine/Ovine Products

The Bahamas currently has conditions to allow the importation of caprine/ovine and caprine/ovine products from various countries. Having conducted an import risk analysis (IRA) that considers quarantine risks that may be associated with the importation to The Bahamas of bovine and bovine products from any country, the IRA recommends that the importation of bovine and bovine products to The Bahamas could be permitted subject to compliance with Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures to manage the quarantine risks of a range of significant diseases to a very low level, in line with WOAH guidelines. The IRA assessed all potential disease agents that may be introduced to The Bahamas via the importation of bovine and bovine products and SPS measures. These diseases include Bovine anaplasmosis, Bovine babesiosis, Bovine genital campylobacteriosis, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia), Enzootic bovine leukosis, Haemorrhagic septicaemia (Pasteurella multocida serotypes 6:b and 6:e), Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/ infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, Lumpy skin disease virus, Theileria annulata, T. orientalis and T. parva, and Trichomonosis. Based on this risk assessment The Bahamas Agricultural Health and Food Safety Authority (BAHFSA) has developed conditions of import for caprine/ovine and caprine/ovine product consignments. They are outlined below. All consignments of caprine/ovine and caprine/ovine products must:

  1. Meet the labelling requirements prescribed in Section 23 of the Bahamas Agricultural Health and Food Safety Authority (BAHFSA), Food Safety and Quality Act (2016) in Appendix 1
  2. Meet the import conditions for bovine and bovine products in Appendix 2

APPENDIX 1

Labelling and advertising

  1. No person shall offer for sale in The Bahamas any package of food unless the label thereon—

    1. is written in English;

    2. specifies the product name;

    3. specifies the date of manufacture and expiration;

    4. permits the traceability of the food as prescribed in regulations; and

    5. sets out such particulars as may be prescribed in regulations.

  2. Where food that is not packaged is displayed for sale, it shall bear an identification mark.

  3. The Director shall prescribe requirements for food advertising in accordance with applicable legislation.

  4. Any foods not in compliance with the requirements under this section shall be confiscated by the Director.

  5. Any person selling food in contravention of this section commits an offence and shall be liable to a fixed penalty as prescribed by regulations.

APPENDIX 2

Conditions for importation of caprine* and caprine products

  1. If a country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:

    1. Goats for breeding, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      i. the animals showed no clinical sign of caprine arthritis/encephalitis on the day of shipment;
      ii. animals over one year of age were subjected to a diagnostic test for caprine arthritis/encephalitis with negative results during the 30 days prior to shipment; or
      iii. caprine arthritis/encephalitis was neither clinically nor serologically diagnosed in the sheep and goats present in the flocks of origin during the past three years, and also that no sheep or goat from a flock of inferior health status was introduced into these flocks during that period.

    2. Goats for breeding and rearing, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:

      1. infection with M. tuberculosis complex in animals is a notifiable disease in the entire country;

      2. the goats showed no clinical signs of infection with M. tuberculosis complex on the day of shipment;

      3. either:

        1. the goats have been kept since birth in herds in which no case of infection with M. tuberculosis complex has been detected for the past three years; or

        2. have been isolated for at least six months prior to shipment including protection from contact with any reservoir of M. tuberculosis complex and all isolated animals showed negative results to at least two consecutive tests carried out at a six-month interval, with the second test performed within 30 days prior to shipment
    3. Domestic or wild sheep and/or goats, for breeding and rearing, an international
      veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. immediately prior to loading, the animals to be exported have been inspected, on the premises of origin, by an official veterinarian. After inspection for wounds with egg masses or larvae of New World or Old-World screwworm, any infested animal has been rejected for export;
      2. immediately prior to entering the quarantine pens in the exporting country:
        1. each animal has been thoroughly examined for infested wounds, under the direct supervision of an official veterinarian, and that no infestation has been found in any animal; and
        2. any wounds have been prophylactically treated with an officially approved oily larvicide at the recommended dose; and
        3. all animals have been dipped, sprayed, or otherwise treated, immediately after inspection, with a product officially approved by the importing and exporting countries for the control of New World or Old-World screwworm, under the supervision of an official veterinarian and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations;
      3. at the end of the quarantine and immediately prior to shipment for export:
        1. all animals have been re-examined for the presence of infestation and all animals have been found free of infestation;
        2. all wounds have been prophylactically treated with an approved oily larvicide under the supervision of an official veterinarian;
        3. all animals have been prophylactically treated again by dipping or spraying as in point 2 above.
  2. If a country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      i. showed no clinical sign of contagious agalactia on the day of shipment; ii. were kept since birth or for the six months prior to shipment in an establishment where no case of contagious agalactia was officially reported during that period;
      iii. were kept in a quarantine station for the 21 days prior to shipment.
    2. ovine and caprine materials destined for the preparation of biologicals an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the products originate from sheep and goats born and raised in a scrapie free country, zone or establishment.
  3. If a contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) free country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. Domestic goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of CCPP on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept in a CCPP free country since birth or for at least three
        months.
    2. Wild goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
        1. showed no clinical sign of CCPP on the day of shipment;
        2. were kept in a CCPP free country;
        3. if the animals originated from an area adjacent to a country considered infected with CCPP:
          1. were kept in a quarantine station for at least the 45 days prior to shipment.
    3. oocytes or embryos of goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals:
        1. showed no clinical sign of CCPP on the day of collection;
        2. were kept in a CCPP free country;
      2. the oocytes or embryos were collected in accordance with Chapters 4.8., 4.9. and 4.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant.
  4. If a contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. Domestic goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of CCPP on the day of shipment;
      2. were subjected to a complement fixation test for CCPP with negative
        results, on two occasions, with an interval of not less than 21 days and not more than 30 days between each test, the second test being performed within 14 days prior to shipment (under study);
      3. were isolated from other domestic goats from the day of the first complement fixation test until shipment;
      4. were kept since birth, or for at least the past 45 days, in an establishment where no case of CCPP was officially reported during that period, and that the establishment of origin was not situated in a CCPP infected zone;
      5. have not been vaccinated against CCPP; or
      6. were vaccinated not more than four months prior to shipment. In this case, point 2 above is not required (under study).
    2. Goats for immediate slaughter, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of CCPP on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept since birth, or for at least the past 45 days, in an establishment where no case of CCPP was officially reported during that period, and that the establishment of origin was not situated in a CCPP infected zone.
    3. Wild goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
        1. showed no clinical sign of CCPP on the day of shipment;
        2. were kept, for at least the past 45 days prior to shipment, in a quarantine station where no case of CCPP was officially reported during that period, and that the quarantine station was not situated in a CCPP infected zone;
        3. have not been vaccinated against CCPP; or
        4. were vaccinated not more than four months prior to shipment (under study).
    4. oocytes or embryos of goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals:
      2. showed no clinical sign of CCPP on the day of collection; and
      3. were isolated from other domestic goats from the day of the test until collection;
      4. were kept since birth, or for at least the 45 days prior to collection, in an establishment where no case of CCPP was officially reported during that period, and that the establishment of origin was not situated in a CCPP infected zone;
      5. the collection fluids and/or degenerated and unfertilised oocytes were subjected to a validated culture or PCR test for CCPP with negative results;
      6. the oocytes or embryos were collected in accordance with Chapters 4.8., 4.9. and 4.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant.
    5. Fresh meat of goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the entire consignment of fresh meat comes from animals:
      1. which originate from establishments free of CCPP;
      2. which have been slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and have been subjected to an ante-mortem inspection for CCPP with favourable results; and
      3. which showed no lesions of CCPP at the post-mortem inspection.
  5. If a country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and goat for breeding, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. have remained since birth, or for the previous two years, in establishments where no enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE), also known as ovine chlamydiosis or ovine enzootic abortion has been diagnosed during the past two years;
      2. showed no clinical sign of EAE on the day of shipment;
      3. were subjected to a diagnostic test for EAE with negative results within the 30 days prior to shipment.
      4. the animals showed no clinical sign of maedi-visna on the day of shipment;
      5. animals over one year of age were subjected to a diagnostic test for maedi-visna with negative results during the 30 days prior to shipment;
      6. maedi-visna was neither clinically nor serologically diagnosed in the sheep and goats present in the flocks of origin during the past three years, and also that no sheep or goat from a flock of inferior health status was introduced into these flocks during that period.
    2. semen of sheep or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the donor animals showed no clinical sign on the day of the semen collection; and:
      1. have been kept in establishments or artificial insemination centres free from EAE in accordance with Article 14.4.3. for the two years prior to collection, and have not been in contact with animals of a lower health status; or
      2. have remained since birth, or for the two years prior to collection, in establishments where no EAE has been diagnosed and were subjected to a diagnostic test for EAE with negative results two to three weeks after collection of the semen.
    3. embryos of sheep or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the donor animals showed no clinical sign on the day of collection; and
      1. have been kept in establishments free from EAE in accordance with Article 14.4.3. for the two years prior to collection, and have not been in contact with animals of a lower health status; or
      2. have remained since birth, or for the two years prior to collection, in establishments where no EAE has been diagnosed and were subjected to a diagnostic test for EAE with negative results two to three weeks after collection.
  6. If a country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep for breeding or rearing (except castrated males), an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the animals showed no clinical sign of ovine epididymitis on the day of shipment;
      2. the animals come from a sheep flock free from ovine epididymitis;
      3. for sheep over six months of age, the animals were isolated in the establishment of origin for the 30 days prior to shipment and were subjected to the diagnostic tests for Brucella ovis (B. ovis) with negative results; or
      4. for sheep from a flock other than that stated in point 2 above, the animals were isolated prior to shipment and were subjected to the diagnostic tests for B. ovis with negative results on two occasions, with an interval of 30 to 60 days between each test, the second test being performed during the 15 days prior to shipment;
    2. semen of sheep, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals:
        1. showed no clinical sign of ovine epididymitis on the day of collection of the semen;
        2. come from a sheep flock free from ovine epididymitis;
        3. were kept in the exporting country for the 60 days prior to collection, in an establishment or artificial insemination centre where all animals are free from ovine epididymitis;
        4. were subjected to the diagnostic tests for B. ovis with negative results during the 30 days prior to collection;
      2. the semen does not contain B. ovis or other Brucella antibodies
  7. If a peste des petits ruminants (PPR) free country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. Domestic sheep and goat, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign suggestive of PPRV infection for at least the 21 days prior to shipment;
      2. either:
        1. were kept since birth, or for at least the 21 days prior to shipment, in an establishment where no case of PPR was reported during that period, and that the establishment was not situated in a PPRV infected zone; or
        2. were kept in a quarantine station for at least the 21 days prior to shipment;
      3. either:
        1. were not vaccinated against PPR and were submitted to a diagnostic test for PPRV infection with negative result no more than 21 days prior to shipment; or
        2. were vaccinated against PPR with live attenuated PPRV vaccines at least 21 days prior to shipment.
    2. Wild ruminants, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign suggestive of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection on the day of shipment;
      2. come from a PPR free country or zone;
      3. if the country or zone of origin has a common border with a country considered infected with PPRV:
        1. were captured at a distance from the border that precludes any contact with animals in an infected country, the distance should be defined in accordance with the biology of the species exported, including home range and long distance movements;OR
        2. were kept in a quarantine station for at least 21 days prior to shipment
    3. semen of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the donor animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of PPR on the day of the collection of the semen and during the following 21 days;
      2. were kept in a PPR free country or zone for at least the 21 days prior to collection.
    4. embryos of domestic sheep and goats and captive wild ruminants, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals were kept in an establishment located in a PPR free country or zone at least 21 days prior to embryo collection;
      2. the embryos were collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.8., 4.9. and 4.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant;
      3. semen of domestic sheep and goats used to fertilise the oocytes complies at least with the requirements in Article 14.7.12. or Article 14.7.13. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    5. milk and milk products from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that these products come from animals which have been kept in a PPR free country or zone for at least the 21 days prior to milking.
    6. products of sheep and goats, other than milk, fresh meat and their products, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the products are derived from animals:
      1. which have been kept in a PPR free country or zone since birth or for at least the past 21 days;
      2. which have been slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and have been subjected to ante- and post-mortem inspections with favourable results.
  8. If a peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. Domestic sheep and goat, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign suggestive of PPRV infection for at least the 21 days prior to shipment;
      2. either:
        1. were kept since birth, or for at least the 21 days prior to shipment, in an establishment where no case of PPR was reported during that period, and that the establishment was not situated in a PPRV infected zone; or
        2. were kept in a quarantine station for at least the 21 days prior to shipment;
      3. either:
        1. were not vaccinated against PPR and were submitted to a diagnostic test for PPRV infection with negative result no more than 21 days prior to shipment; or
        2. were vaccinated against PPR with live attenuated PPRV vaccines at least 21 days prior to shipment.
    2. Wild ruminants, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign suggestive of PPRV infection for at least the 21 days prior to shipment;
      2. were submitted to a diagnostic test for PPRV infection with negative results no more than 21 days prior to shipment;
      3. were kept in a quarantine station for at least the 21 days prior to shipment.
    3. semen of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the donor animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign suggestive of PPRV infection for at least the 21 days prior to collection of the semen and during the following 21 days;
      2. were kept, for at least the 21 days prior to collection, in an establishment or artificial insemination centre where no case of PPR was reported during that period, which was not situated in a PPRV infected zone and to which no animals had been added during the 21 days prior to collection;
      3. were not vaccinated against PPR and were submitted to a diagnostic test for PPRV infection with negative results at least 21 days prior to collection of the semen; OR
      4. were vaccinated against PPR with live attenuated PPRV vaccines at least 21 days prior to semen collection.
    4. embryos of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals:
        1. and all other animals in the establishment showed no clinical sign suggestive of PPRV infection at the time of collection and during the following 21 days;
        2. were kept, for at least the 21 days prior to collection, in an establishment where no case of PPR was reported during that period, and to which no susceptible animals had been added during the 21 days prior to collection;
        3. were not vaccinated against PPR and were subjected to a diagnostic test for PPRV infection with negative results at least 21 days prior to collection;OR
        4. were vaccinated against PPR with live attenuated PPRV vaccines at least 21 days prior to embryo collection;
        5. the embryos were collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.8., 4.9. and 4.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant;
        6. semen of domestic sheep and goats used to fertilise the oocytes complies at least with the requirements in Article 14.7.12. or Article 14.7.13. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    5. embryos of captive wild ruminants, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals:
        1. showed no clinical sign suggestive of infection with PPRV for at least the 21 days prior to embryo collection;
        2. were not vaccinated against PPR and were subjected to a diagnostic test for PPRV infection with negative results at least 21 days prior to collection;
        3. were kept, for at least the 21 days prior to collection, in an establishment where no case of PPR or of infection with PPRV was reported during that period, and to which no susceptible animals had been added during the 21 days prior to collection;
        4. the embryos were collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.8., 4.9. and 4.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant.
    6. milk from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the milk:
        1. originates from flocks which were not subjected to any restrictions due to PPR at the time of milk collection; OR
        2. has been processed to ensure the destruction of the PPRV in accordance with one of the procedures referred to in Articles 8.8.35. and 8.8.36. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
        3. the necessary precautions were taken to avoid contact of the products with any potential source of PPRV.
    7. milk products from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. these products are derived from milk complying with the requirements of Article 14.7.19. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
      2. the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the milk products with any potential source of PPRV.
    8. meal and flour from blood, meat, defatted bones, hooves, claws and horns from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the products were processed using heat treatment to a minimum internal temperature of 70°C for at least 30 minutes;
      2. the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the commodities with any potential source of PPRV.
    9. hooves, claws, bones and horns, hunting trophies and preparations destined for museums from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the products were completely dried and had no trace on them of skin, flesh or tendon or were adequately disinfected; and
      2. the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the commodities with any potential source of PPRV.
    10. wool, hair, raw hides and skins from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the products were processed in accordance with one of the following, in premises controlled and approved by the Veterinary Authority of the exporting country:
      1. For wool and hair:
        1. industrial washing, which consists of the immersion of the wool
          in a series of baths of water, soap and sodium hydroxide (soda)
          or potassium hydroxide (potash);
        2. chemical depilation by means of slaked lime or sodium
          sulphide;
        3. fumigation with formaldehyde in a hermetically sealed
          chamber for at least 24 hours;
        4. industrial scouring which consists of the immersion of wool in
          a water-soluble detergent held at 60-70°C;
        5. storage of wool at 4°C for four months, 18°C for four weeks or
          37°C for eight days.
      2. For raw hides and skins: treatment for at least 28 days with salt (NaCl) containing 2% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the commodities with any potential source of PPRV.
    11. products of animal origin from sheep and goats intended for pharmaceutical or surgical use, an international veterinary crtificate is required and must attest that these products
      1. come from animals which were slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and have been subjected to ante- and post- mortem inspections with favourable results;
      2. were processed to ensure the destruction of the PPRV in accordance with one of the procedures referred to in Article 8.8.26. or in Articles 8.8.31. to 8.8.34. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code as appropriate and in premises controlled and approved by the Veterinary Authority of the exporting country.
  9. If a country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. fresh meat and meat products from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. showed no clinical sign of PPR within 24 hours before slaughter;
      2. have been slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and have been subjected to ante- and post-mortem inspections with favourable results.
  10. If a country, zone, or compartment not considered free of Scrapie wishes to export:
    1. domestic sheep and goat, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals come from an establishment free from scrapie as described in Article 14.8.5. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    2. sheep and goat for slaughter, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. in the country or zone:
      2. the disease is compulsorily notifiable;
      3. an awareness, surveillance and monitoring system as referred to in Article 14.8.2. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code is in place;
      4. affected sheep and goats are killed and completely destroyed;
      5. the sheep and goats selected for export showed no clinical sign of scrapie on the day of shipment.
    3. semen of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals:
      2. are permanently identified to enable trace back to their establishment of origin;
      3. showed no clinical sign of scrapie at the time of semen collection;
      4. the semen was collected, processed and stored in accordance with
        Chapters 4.6. and 4.7. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    4. invivo derived goat embryos and in vitro processed sheep and goat oocytes or embryos, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. in the country or zone:
        1. the disease is compulsorily notifiable;
        2. an awareness, surveillance and monitoring system as referred to in Article 14.8.2. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code is in place;
        3. affected sheep and goats are killed and completely destroyed;
        4. the feeding to sheep and goats of protein meal or greaves of ruminant origin has been banned and effectively enforced in the whole country;
      2. the donor animals either have been kept since birth in a free establishment, or meet the following conditions:
        1. are permanently identified to enable trace back to their establishment of origin;
        2. have been kept since birth in establishments in which no case of scrapie had been confirmed during their residency;
        3. showed no clinical sign of scrapie at the time of oocyte or embryo collection;
      3. the oocytes or embryos were collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.8., 4.9. and 4.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant.

    5. milk and milk products of sheep or goat origin intended for use in feeding of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the milk and milk products come from scrapie free establishments.
    6. skulls including brains, ganglia and eyes, vertebral column including ganglia and spinal cord, tonsils, thymus, spleen, intestine, adrenal gland, pancreas, or liver, and protein products derived therefrom, from sheep and goats for purposes other than ruminant feeding, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. in the country or zone:
        1. the disease is compulsorily notifiable;
        2. an awareness, surveillance and monitoring system as referred to in Article 14.8.2. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code is in place;
        3. affected sheep and goats are killed and completely destroyed;
        4. the materials come from sheep and goats that showed no clinical sign of scrapie on the day of slaughter
  11. If a sheep pox and goat pox free country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. domestic sheep and goat, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of sheep pox or goat pox on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept in a sheep pox and goat pox free country since birth or for at least the past 21 days.
    2. semen of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the donor animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of sheep pox or goat pox on the day of collection of the semen and for the following 21 days;
      2. were kept in a sheep pox and goat pox free country.
  12. If a sheep pox and goat pox infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. domestic sheep and goat, an international veterinary certificate is required and 
must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of sheep pox or goat pox on the day of 
shipment; 

      2. were kept since birth, or for the past 21 days, in an establishment 
where no case of sheep pox and goat pox was officially reported during that period, and that the establishment was not situated in a sheep pox and goat pox infected zone; or 

      3. were kept in a quarantine station for the 21 days prior to shipment; 

      4. have not been vaccinated against sheep pox and goat pox; or 

      5. were vaccinated using a vaccine complying with the standards described in the Terrestrial Manual not less than 15 days and not more than 4 months prior to shipment (the nature of the vaccine used, whether inactivated or modified live virus, and the virus types and strains included in the vaccine shall also be stated in the certificate). 

    2. semen of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the donor animals: 

      1. showed no clinical sign of sheep pox or goat pox on the day of collection of the semen and for the following 21 days; 

      2. were kept in the exporting country for the 21 days prior to collection, in an establishment or artificial insemination centre where no case of sheep pox and goat pox was officially reported during that period, and that the establishment or artificial insemination centre was not situated in a sheep pox and goat pox infected zone;
      3. have not been vaccinated against sheep pox and goat pox; or
      4. were vaccinated using a vaccine complying with the standards 
described in the Terrestrial Manual (the nature of the vaccine used, whether inactivated or modified live virus, and the virus types and strains included in the vaccine shall also be stated in the certificate). 

    3. skins, fur, wool and hair (from sheep or goats), an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that these products: 

      1. come from animals which have not been kept in a sheep pox and goat pox infected zone; or
      2. have been processed to ensure the destruction of the sheep pox and goat pox virus, in premises controlled and approved by the Veterinary Authority of the exporting country.
  13. If a Theileria free country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of infection with Theileria on the day of shipment;
      2. come from a country or zone free from infection with Theileria.
  14. If a country, zone, or compartment not free of Theileria wishes to export:
    1. sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of infection with Theileria and no infestation with tick vectors on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept isolated for at least 35 days prior to shipment in an establishment where no case of infection with Theileria has occurred during the preceding two years;
      3. were treated with a registered acaricide, the efficacy of which has been confirmed in relation to the area of origin of the animals, at the time of entry into the isolation establishment and then at regular intervals, according to manufacturer's instructions, allowing continuous protection against ticks until their shipment;
      4. were subjected to agent detection tests with negative results on samples taken immediately prior to entry and at least 25 days after entry into the isolation establishment.
    2. hides and skins, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the products have been:
      1. dry-salted or wet-salted for a period of at least 14 days prior to dispatch; or
      2. treated for a period of at least seven days in salt (NaCl) with the addition of 2% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3); or
      3. dried for a period of at least 42 days at a temperature of at least 20°C; or
      4. frozen to at least -20°C for at least 48 hours
    3. wool and fibre of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the products were subjected to:
      1. industrial washing, which consists of the immersion of the wool in a series of baths of water, soap and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; or
      2. industrial scouring, which consists of the immersion of wool in a water-soluble detergent held at 60–70°C.
    4. trophies derived from susceptible ruminants, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the products have been processed to ensure the destruction of tick vectors.
  15. If a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) free country, zone, or compartment where vaccination is not practised wishes to export:
    1. sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept since birth or for at least the past three months in a FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised or a FMD free compartment;
      3. if transiting an infected zone, were not exposed to any source of FMDV during transportation to the place of shipment.
    2. fresh semen of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor males:
        1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen;
        2. were kept for at least three months prior to collection in a FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised or FMD free compartments;
        3. were kept in an artificial insemination centre where none of the animals had a history of infection with FMDV;
      2. the semen was collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.6. and 4.7. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    3. frozen semen of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor males:
        1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen and for the following 30 days;
        2. were kept for at least three months prior to collection in a FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised or FMD free compartments;
      2. the semen was collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.6. and 4.7. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    4. fresh meat or meat products of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the entire consignment of meat comes from animals which:
      1. have been kept in a FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised or FMD free compartment, or which have been imported in accordance with Article 8.8.10., Article 8.8.11. or Article 8.8.12. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
      2. have been slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and have been subjected to ante- and post-mortem inspections with favourable results.
  16. If a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) free country, zone, or compartment where vaccination is practised wishes to export:
    1. sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
      2. were kept since birth or for at least the past three months in a FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised;
      3. were subjected to a test for FMD with negative results;
      4. if transiting an infected zone, were not exposed to any source of FMDV during transportation to the place of shipment.
    2. frozen semen of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor males:
        1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen and for the following 30 days;
        2. were kept for at least three months prior to collection in a FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised;
        3. either:
          1. have been vaccinated at least twice, with the last vaccination not less than one month and not more than
            six months prior to collection, unless protective immunity has been demonstrated for more than six
            months; OR
          2. were subjected, not less than 21 days after collection of the semen, to tests for antibodies against FMDV, with negative results;
      2. the semen:
        1. was collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.6. and 4.7. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
        2. was stored in the country of origin for a period of at least one month following collection, and during this period no animal on the establishment where the donor animals were kept showed any sign of FMD.
    3. fresh meat or meat products of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the entire consignment of meat comes from animals which:
      1. have been kept in a FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised or FMD free compartment, or which have been imported in accordance with Article 8.8.10., Article 8.8.11. or Article 8.8.12. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
      2. have been slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and have been subjected to ante- and post-mortem inspections with favourable results.
      3. for ruminants the head, including the pharynx, tongue and associated lymph nodes, has been excluded from the shipment.
  17. If a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) infected country, zone, or compartment where an official control programme exists wishes to export:
    1. domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the animals showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
      2. prior to isolation, the animals were kept in the establishment of origin:
        1. for 30 days, or since birth if younger than 30 days, if a stamping-out policy is applied to control FMD in the exporting country or zone, or
        2. for three months, or since birth if younger than three months if a stamping-out policy is not applied to control FMD in the exporting country or zone;
      3. FMD has not occurred within the establishment of origin for the relevant period as defined in points 2 a) and 2 b) above;
      4. the animals were isolated in an establishment for the 30 days prior to shipment, and all animals in isolation were subjected to diagnostic virological and serological tests for evidence of FMDV with negative results on samples collected at least 28 days after the start of isolation period, and that FMD did not occur within a 10 kilometre radius of the establishment during that period, or the establishment is a quarantine station;
      5. the animals were not exposed to any source of FMDV during their transportation from the establishment to the place of shipment.
    2. frozen semen of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor males:
        1. showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen and for the following 30 days;
        2. were kept in an artificial insemination centre where no animal had been added in the 30 days before collection, and that FMD has not occurred within a 10 kilometre radius of the artificial insemination centre for the 30 days before and after collection;
        3. either
          1. have been vaccinated at least twice, with the last
            vaccination not less than one month and not more than six months prior to collection, unless protective immunity has been demonstrated for more than six months;
            or
          2. were subjected, not less than 21 days after collection of
            the semen, to tests for antibodies against FMDV, with negative results;
      2. the semen:
        1. was collected, processed and stored in accordance with Chapters 4.6. and 4.7. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
        2. was subjected, with negative results, to a test for evidence of FMDV if the donor male has been vaccinated within the 12 months prior to collection;
        3. was stored in the country of origin for a period of at least one month following collection, and that during this period no animal on the establishment where the donor males were kept showed any sign of FMD.
    3. milk and milk products of domestic sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. these products:
        1. originate from establishments which were not infected or suspected of being infected with FMD at the time of milk collection;
        2. have been processed to ensure the destruction of FMDV in accordance with one of the procedures in Article 8.8.35. and in Article 8.8.36. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
      2. the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the products with any potential source of FMDV.
  18. If a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. meat products of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the entire consignment of meat products come from animals which have been slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and have been subjected to ante- and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results;
      2. the meat products have been processed to ensure the destruction of FMDV in accordance with one of the procedures in Article 8.8.31. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
      3. the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the meat products with any potential source of FMDV.
    2. blood-meal and meat-meals from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the manufacturing method for these products included heating to a minimum core temperature of 70°C for at least 30 minutes.
    3. wool, hair, bristles, raw hides and skins from sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. these products have been processed to ensure the destruction of FMDV in accordance with one of the procedures in Articles 8.8.32., 8.8.33. and 8.8.34. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code;
      2. the necessary precautions were taken after collection or processing to avoid contact of the products with any potential source of FMDV.
    4. skins and trophies derived from wild sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that these products have been processed to ensure the destruction of FMDV in accordance with the procedures in Article 8.8.37. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code.
  19. If a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) free country, zone, or compartment where vaccination either is or is not practised wishes to export:
    1. milk and milk products intended for human consumption and for products of sheep and/or goat origin (from FMD susceptible animals) intended for use in animal feeding or for agricultural or industrial use, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that these products come from animals which have been kept in a FMD free country, zone or compartment, or which have been imported in accordance with Article 8.8.10., Article 8.8.11. or Article 8.8.12. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code.
    2. skins and trophies derived from wild sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that these products are derived from animals that have been killed in such a country or zone or which have been imported from a country, zone or compartment free from FMD.
  20. If a Heartwater infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must
      attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of heartwater on the day of shipment;
      2. were subjected to a diagnostic test for heartwater with negative results during the 15 days prior to shipment;
      3. were treated with acaricides prior to shipment and were completely free of ticks.
  21. If a rabies free country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. domestic and captive wild sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary
      certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of rabies the day prior to or on the day of shipment;
      2. and either:
        1. were kept since birth or at least six months prior to shipment in
          a free country or zone; or
        2. were imported in accordance with Articles 8.15.7., 8.15.8.,
          8.15.9. or 8.15.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    2. wild and feral sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary certificate is
      required and must attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of rabies the day prior to or on the day of shipment;
      2. and either:
        1. have been captured at a distance that precludes any contact with animals in an infected country or zone. The distance should be defined in accordance with the biology of the species exported, including home range and long distance movements; or
        2. have been kept in captivity for the six months prior to shipment in a country or zone free from infection with rabies virus.
  22. If a rabies infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must
      attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical sign of rabies the day prior to or on the day of shipment;
      2. were permanently identified and the identification number stated in the certificate;
      3. EITHER
        1. were kept for the 6 months prior to shipment in an establishment where there has been no case of rabies for at least 12 months prior to shipment; OR
        2. were vaccinated or revaccinated in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. The vaccine wasproduced and used in accordance with the Terrestrial Manual.
  23. If a Rift Valley fever (RVF) free country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals:
      1. were kept in a country or zone free from RVF since birth or for at least 14 days prior to shipment; AND
      2. either:
        1. were vaccinated at least 14 days prior to leaving the free country or zone; or
        2. did not transit through an epidemic area.
  24. If a Rift Valley fever (RVF) infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must
      attest that the animals:
      1. showed no clinical signs of RVF on the day of shipment;
      2. met one of the following conditions:
        1. were vaccinated against RVF at least 14 days prior to shipment; or
        2. were held for at least 14 days prior to shipment in a vector-protected quarantine station, which is located in an area of demonstrated low vector activity. During this period the animals showed no clinical sign of RVF;
      3. AND did not originate in or transit through an epidemic area.
    2. semen and in vivo derived embryos, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the donor animals:
      1. showed no clinical signs of RVF within the period from 14 days prior to and 14 days following collection of the semen or embryos; AND
      2. either:
        1. were vaccinated against RVF at least 14 days prior to collection; or
        2. were subjected to a serological test on the day of collection, with positive result; or
        3. were subjected to a serological test on two occasions with negative results on the day of collection and at least 14 days after collection.
    3. Fresh meat and meat products from sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the entire consignment of meat or meat products comes from:
        1. sheep and/or goats that showed no clinical signs of RVF within 24 hours before slaughter;
        2. sheep and/or goats that were slaughtered in an approved slaughterhouse/abattoir and were subjected to ante- and post- mortem inspections in accordance with Chapter 6.3. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code with favourable results;
        3. carcasses that were submitted to maturation at a temperature above 2°C for a minimum period of 24 hours following slaughter;
      2. the necessary precautions were taken to avoid contact of the meat or meat products with any potential source of RVFV.
      d. milk and milk products from sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the consignment:
      1. was subjected to pasteurisation; or
      2. was subjected to a combination of treatments with equivalent performance as described in the Codex Alimentarius Code of Hygienic Practice for Milk and Milk Products.
  25. If a Rinderpest free country, zone, or compartment wishes to export:
    1. sheep and/or goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the animals remained in a country free from rinderpest since birth or for at least 30 days prior to shipment. Animals must not transit through a country infected with RPV, in accordance with Chapter 5.7. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code
    2. fresh meat or meat products (except those listed in point 2 of Article 8.17.2. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code) of sheep and goats, for milk or milk products from susceptible animals, and for all products of animal origin intended for use in animal feeding, for agricultural use or for industrial use, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that the entire consignment of product is derived from animals that remained in a country free from rinderpest since birth or for at least 30 days prior to slaughter or harvesting of the product.
    3. semen and oocytes of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor animals showed no clinical signs of infection with RPV on the day of collection and had been kept in a country free from rinderpest for at least 30 days prior to collection;
      2. the semen and oocytes were collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Chapters 4.6., 4.7. or 4.9. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant.
    4. in vivo derived embryos of sheep and goats, an international veterinary certificate is required and must attest that:
      1. the donor females showed no clinical signs of infection with RPV on the day of collection and had been kept in a country free from rinderpest for at least 30 days prior to collection;
      2. the embryos were collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of Chapters 4.8. and 4.10. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code, as relevant.
  26. If a Rinderpest infected country, zone, or compartment wishes to export, only commodities listed in point 2 of Article 8.17.2. of the WOAH Terrestrial Code can be traded.


*Caprine refers to all genera of the subfamily Caprinae inclusive of but not limited to domestic and wild sheep, goats, Ibex, Tahr, and some types of antelopes.